Analysis of epoxidized natural rubber. A comparative study of d.s.c., n.m.r., elemental analysis and direct titration methods

A comparative analysis of epoxidized natural rubber samples by ¹H and ¹³C n.m.r., titrimetric, elemental and d.s.c. techniques has been made. Whereas the titrimetric method is only applicable at low epoxy contents (< 15 mol%) both n.m.r. methods give reasonable precision over the compositional range of 20–75 mol%. Elemental analysis appears less reliable. D.s.c. analysis through measurement of T_g provides the highest precision of measurement but requires independent calibration by one or more of the primary methods. The epoxy content may also be related to the polymer density.     

Back‐channel‐etched thin‐film transistor using c‐axis‐aligned crystal In–Ga–Zn oxide

Our crystalline In–Ga–Zn oxide (IGZO) thin film has a c‐axis‐aligned crystal (CAAC) structure and maintains crystallinity even on an amorphous base layer. Although the crystal has c‐axis alignment, its a‐axis and b‐axis have random arrangement; moreover, a clear grain boundary is not observed. We fabricated a back‐channel‐etched thin‐film transistor (TFT) using the CAAC‐IGZO film. Using the CAAC‐IGZO film, more stable TFT characteristics, even with a short channel length, can be obtained, and the instability of the back channel, which is one of the biggest problems of IGZO TFTs, is solved. As a result, we improved the process of manufacturing back‐channel‐etched TFTs.     

Assessment of a redox alkaline/iron-chelate absorption process for the removal of dilute hydrogen sulfide in air emissions

The oxidative absorption of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) into a solution of ferric chelate of trans-1,2- diaminocyclohexanetetraacetate (CDTA) was studied in a counter-current laboratory column randomly packed with 15 mm plastic Ralu rings. The present investigation takes concern about the Kraft pulping situation where dilute H₂S concentrations are omnipresent in large-volume gas effluents. A fractional two-level factorial approach was instigated to determine the significance of six operating variables, namely the solution's alkalinity (pH; 8.5-10.5), the liquid mass flow rate (L;1.73-), the solution's ionic strength (I_C;0.01-), the gas mass flow rate (G;0.19-), the inlet H₂S concentration (C_H2S,0;70-430 ppm) and the initial ferric CDTA concentration (C_Fe,0;100 -). Initially, a Plackett-Burman design matrix of seven duplicated experiments revealed that pH is the leading factor controlling the H₂S conversion rate while the ionic strength and ferric CDTA concentration effects remained negligible within the factorial domain. Surface response analysis based on 11 duplicated factorial experiments plus 10 central composite trials revealed that the H₂S conversion significantly increases with liquid flow rate but decreases with growing H₂S load up. Further examination about the influence of ferric CDTA on H₂S absorption rate was set up over a broader concentration range (C_Fe,0;0- at pH of 9.5 and 10.5. It showed good potential at as H₂S conversion increased by a significant 25% for both pH values in comparison to pure alkaline solutions containing no ferric CDTA.     

以双水相萃取法从猪心中快速制备细胞色素C

把化工上常用的双水相萃取法应用于生物分离,从猪心中纯化具有药用价值的细胞色素C。以14％聚乙二醇和12％硫酸铵两相系统对粗提液进行萃取,细胞色素C全部浓缩于盐相。对盐相进行去盐后,经人造沸石快速吸附与洗脱、三氯醋酸沉淀等制得细胞色素C半成品,以弱酸性阳离子交换柱进行精制。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、可见吸收光谱扫描等定性定量分析证明了此法所得产品纯度好,提取率也较高。与传统方法比较,此法工艺简单,成本低,耗时少,尤其适用于大规模生产。     

脉冲直流PCVD技术在盲孔底部沉积Ti-Si-N薄膜

用脉冲直流等离子体辅助化学气相沉积(PCVD)技术在盲孔的底部获得Ti-Si-N薄膜。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，X射线能量色散谱仪(EDX)，X射线衍射仪(XRD)，球痕法(ball-Crater)，显微硬度计(Hv)和涂层压入仪(Pε)分析不同肓孔深度处薄膜的微观结构和力学性能。结果表明，随着盲孔深度的增加，Ti-Si-N薄膜中Ti与Si元素相对比例降低，薄膜厚度下降，薄膜与基体的结合强度有很大提高，膜基复合显微硬度下降，而薄膜的本征硬度在盲孔深度为20mm处出现最大值。     

热处理对Bi－Pb－Sr－Ca－Cu－O超导材料结构和超导性能的影响

利用原位电阻测量、热重分析、电镜观察和电子探针等多种实验手段研究了Ｂｉ_（１．６）Ｐｂ_（０．４）Ｓｒ_２Ｃａ_２Ｃｕ_３Ｏ_（１０＋δ）（下称ＢＰＳＣＣＯ）超导材料在不同温度（６５０—８００℃）和不同氧分压（氧气、空气和氮气）下热处理过程中结构变化及其对超导电性的影响，实验结果表明，在稍高氧分压下退火，２２２３相中的Ｐｂ￣（＋２）离子将失稳析出体外，生成类Ｃａ_２ＰｂＯ_４杂相，导致电阻率和重量增加，其调制结构由纯Ｐｂ型（ｑ＝βｂ）逐渐变为纯Ｂｉ型（ｑ＝βｂ＋ｃ），在低氧分压下退火，类Ｃａ_２ＰｂＯ_４杂相将分解，整个过程基本可逆．此外还发现，适度析出类Ｃａ_２ＰｂＯ_４杂相，２２２３母相的超导转变温度将增高，材料的电传输特性亦将得到改善．     

Microstructure and Application of YBCO Superconductive Films with Low Surface Resistance

ＭｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＹＢＣＯＳｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｅＦｉｌｍｓｗｉｔｈＬｏｗＳｕｒｆａｃｅＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ，ＹａｎｇＢｉｎｇｃｈｕａｎ，ＳｈｉＤｏｎｇｑｉ，ＰｅｎｇＺｈｅｎｇ...     

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O高温超导材料的连接技术

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O（BSCCO）高温超导材料在电力工程中拥有广阔的应用前景。本文全面概述了国内外研究Bi系高温超导材料连接技术的现状和不足，重点介绍了BSCCO带材常规冷压成形后再高温反应退火的扩散焊连接技术，另外，阐述了近几年采用高温加压直接扩散连接的最新研究成果。     

Bi-based superconductors fabricated in high magnetic fields

The microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 superconductor fabricated in high magnetic fields were investigated. The results shows that the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field were formed after the partial-melting and solidification in 8 T magnetic field, and transformed into the Bi-2223 grains with c-axis alignment during the further sintering process at 840 ℃ without magnetic field. The conversion of Bi-2212 grains to Bi-2223 grains has the heredity in grain alignment. The mixed structures of the Bi-2223 and the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field are formed in samples sintered at 850-855 ℃ in 10 T magnetic field. When sintered in 10 T below 845 ℃, a high proportion of Bi-2223 phase is obtained, however no preferred orientation is observed. The Bi-2223 grains with their c-axis parallel to the axial direction of the vertical tube furnace are formed not only on the surface, but also in the center of the sample sintered at 850 ℃ for 120 h in a 15 ℃/cm temperature gradient without magnetic field. Moreover, the samples sintered in the temperature gradient and in a 10 T magnetic field have a stronger c-axis alignment ofbi-2223 phase.     

GROWTH OF Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTING WHISKERS

Amorphous Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O strips of types(1112)and(2212)were made by means ofnon-equilibrium solidification of melt-quenching method,On the surface of glassy strip,theflexible(2212)superconducting whiskers have been obtained.The growth and feature ofsuperconducting whiskers were studied in detail.